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Q. Define a programming language and state its type briefly: Ans: Programming language: A set of rules that provides a way of telling a computer what operations is to perform, is called Programming language. It is categorized into three types as under. Machine language: (Low Level Language) Computer has its own unique machine language to perform specific tasks. It is based on binary codes 0s and 1s to execute given instructions. All instructions in machine language consist of series of 0s and 1s. It is very difficult to write program in machine language.   Assembly language: (Low Level Language) Each computer has its own unique assembly language. In this language, the statements are written in symbolic code (Mnemonics) that are easier for human to read and write Such as A for Add and L for Load. The main reason for writing assembly language program is efficiency and produce faster program. High Level Language: (Related Human language) High-level languages are closer to human language t

Q. Define the term computer? Or Define computer? Ans: Computer is an electronic and automatic device that accepts data and instruction (In form of program) as Input, processes it, and produces the results or information as Output. It has also capability to plug and play different devices. Q. Define Hardware and Software? Hardware: The physical and tangible components forming a computer are called “Hardware”. It includes not only the computer system but also cables, connectors, power supply units and peripherals such as Keyboard, Mouse, Audio Speaker, Printer etc. Software: The software refers to the program that instructs the computer what to do. Alternatively, the term Software refers to non – physical elements of a computer system. Software makes the hardware usable. Such as Ms. Office, Corel Draw, Oracle etc. Q. Define a programming language and state its type: Ans: Programming language: A set of rules that provides a way of telling a computer what operations to perform, is called

Q - 2)    What is nascent hydrogen? Describe its reactivity: Nascent Hydrogen:                           Hydrogen at a time of its birth is chemically more reactive than molecular hydrogen because it is available in atomic form and known as Nascent Hydrogen or Newly born hydrogen. Reactivity:                         When a piece of Zn metal adds in the acidic Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) solution, nascent hydrogen is generated which reduces FeCl 3 into ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 ) which is greenish in colour. FeCl 3(aq) + H 2(g) No reaction ­ Zn/HCl FeCl 3(aq) +  [H] FeCl 2(aq) + HCl (aq) Nascent Hydrogen Ferrous Chloride Acidic KMnO 4 (pink) solution can be reduced by nascent hydrogen to colou

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen: 1.   Decomposition of molecular Hydrogen (H 2 ) Molecular hydrogen contains stable covalent bonding and is relatively inert at ordinary conditions. Its bond dissociation energy is 104 K.cals/mol. H — H H + H  r H = 104 K.cals/mol.    i.e +435 KJ/,mol. Q. Show hydrogen is a good reducing agent: 2.   As a reducing Agent Hydrogen shows greater affinity for oxygen and reduces many metal oxides into free metals. CuO (s) + H 2(g) Cu (s) +3H 2 O (g) ­ WO 3(s) + 3H 2(g) W (s) + 3H 2 O (g) 1.   Hydrogenation Reaction: The addition of hydrogen into other molecular compounds called hydrogenation reaction. When molecular compounds and Hydrogen are heated in the presence of Pt or Pd or Ni and other crystals